Historic San Agustin Church in Intramuros Faces Structural Concerns After Flooding and Water Seepage

The San Agustin Church complex in Intramuros, Manila, experienced significant flooding and water seepage following the combined effects of storms Crising (Wipha), Dante (Francisco), the southwest monsoon, and Typhoon Emong (Co-may) on July 24. This marks the second flood event in two years, following last year’s inundation caused by Typhoon Carina (Gaemi).

Floodwaters up to knee height affected several parts of the centuries-old UNESCO World Heritage Site, including the museum lobby, cloisters, exhibition halls, and church interior. Contrary to initial assumptions, the flooding was not due to blocked drainage but was attributed to the failure of high-capacity centrifugal pumps installed in 2012. Four of these pumps overheated and ceased functioning after continuous use over three days.

Fr. Ricky Villar, director of the San Agustin Museum, noted that some pumps had failed previously and were repaired, but replacement is now under consideration. The Manila city government assisted in pumping out the floodwaters, with Mayor Isko Moreno overseeing recovery operations.

Beyond flooding concerns, water seepage through the ceiling was observed for the first time beneath the church's belfry, affecting the "ante coro" on the second level and the area underneath the choir loft. Visual documentation shows water flowing like a small waterfall from cracks in the vaulted ceiling.

Ivan Henares, director-general of the UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines (UNACOM), described the seepage as "very alarming," warning it may indicate deeper structural damage that could lead to collapse if left unaddressed. He urged for prompt and comprehensive retrofitting and restoration efforts by the Philippine government to safeguard the church’s heritage value.

With the safety of worshippers and visitors at stake, temporary closure of the church is being considered. A multiagency assessment involving the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), National Historical Commission of the Philippines, National Museum, UNACOM, and the Intramuros Administration has been initiated to evaluate the complex’s condition. The NCCA’s Ino Manalo, the Historical Commission’s Regalado Trota Jose Jr., and other cultural officials participated in an emergency meeting on July 25 to discuss next steps.

Fr. Villar emphasized the importance of this step, citing that the church has not undergone major structural interventions or seismic retrofitting since its completion in 1604. He highlighted additional challenges, including damp walls caused by a rising water table that threaten the adobe construction and drainage systems surrounding Intramuros.

Efforts are ongoing to secure funding from the Office of the President and Congress to support restoration amid increasing climate-related risks. The coordinated response aims to preserve San Agustin Church, one of the Philippines’ most treasured historical landmarks and an active place of worship, ensuring its endurance for future generations.