Manila Implements Anti-Balaclava Ordinance, Sparking Public Debate Over Face Mask Restrictions

Manila has recently enforced Ordinance 9134, commonly known as the Anti-Balaclava Ordinance, which prohibits wearing face masks inside government buildings, commercial venues, and public establishments. The regulation was established to enhance city security, aiming to curb crimes such as robberies and snatchings involving disguised individuals.

Councilor Rosalino Ibay Jr., the ordinance's author, clarified that a balaclava, often referred to as a ski mask, is included in the ban. Exceptions are granted to individuals with comorbidities or serious illnesses, although the ordinance does not clearly define which medical conditions qualify for exemption.

"If you have an illness, you simply need to remove your face mask when entering an establishment and then can put it back on afterwards," Manila Mayor Isko Moreno Domagoso explained in a video statement, emphasizing accommodation for those with health concerns.

Despite this, the legislation has generated considerable public backlash, particularly from people who wear masks for reasons beyond serious illness, such as protection against pollution, allergens, or general health precautions post-pandemic.

One social media user lamented, "As someone with allergies to dust and pollution, I use a mask even without COVID present. What am I supposed to do now?" Another voiced confusion over the ban's intent, stating, "Manila is banning face masks supposedly for security. You have to prove a serious illness or face penalties. I’m just trying to protect myself from sickness and pollution, what is this?"

Comments also raised concerns regarding enforcement: "Those who wear masks for pollution or to guard against illness—will guards demand medical certificates? How will authorities distinguish legitimate health reasons from others?"

The penalty for violating the ordinance starts at a P1,000 fine for the first offense and escalates to a P3,000 fine for the second. For third and subsequent violations, offenders face fines up to P5,000 and possible imprisonment of up to 15 days.

The Manila Public Information Office clarified that the ordinance is part of a broader strategy to ensure public safety and prevent crimes associated with facial coverings. Mayor Moreno affirmed the city’s commitment to protecting residents, stating, "While we may not be able to completely stop criminals from entering Manila, we will ensure they are pursued and held accountable wherever they flee."